A baby should produce its first genuine smile around the age of 2 months. The smile is often a response to affection or positive attention from a caregiver they are attached to.

If your baby is spending a lot of the day lying, with his or her head flat against a hard surface, they may develop “flat head syndrome”. To avoid this, carry your baby on your body during the day, reposition him or her while sleeping, and be sure to follow the recommended amount of daily tummy time.

A premature birth is a birth that takes place more than three weeks before the baby is due.

Amniocentesis usually takes place at between 15 weeks and 18 weeks of pregnancy. Your doctor will use a long, fine needle to carefully remove a sample of amniotic fluid from your uterus. This fluid will contain your baby's cells, which are then analysed.

When fallopian tubes become damaged or blocked, they keep sperm from getting to the egg or block the passage of the fertilized egg into the uterus.

Some of the most common side effects of pills are bleeding between periods (most often with progestin-only pills), breast tenderness nausea and vomiting. They usually clear up after two or three months.