Even a single glass of red wine, or a bottle of beer can drastically increase a woman’s chances of miscarrying during their first trimester. This coupled with its impact upon a foetus’s development is why most medical experts recommend a complete ban on alcohol during the entirety of the pregnancy.

Each baby adjusts to breastfeeding differently, just as each mom’s breasts release milk differently. Light coughing or sputtering, especially just when starting out to breastfeed, is normal, and just a sign that your baby is adjusting to the process and the flow of the milk.

Babies are born with soft heads, allowing them room for their brains to grow. If a baby lays or sleeps in one position too often, that portion of his or her head may become flat, called “flat head syndrome”. If babies are laying down most of the day, this syndrome is more likely. To avoid flat head syndrome, hold your baby for periods of time during the day, either in your arms or in a baby carrier, change their sleeping position regularly, and practice appropriate amounts of “tummy time”.

Changes in your cervical mucus can signal when you are fertile. After your period has finished, your cervical mucus gradually increases in amount and changes in texture. This change reflects the rising levels of the hormone oestrogen in your body. It also shows you are close to ovulating.

The most common genetic causes of infertility are chromosomal conditions that affect sperm production. These include: Klinefelter’s syndrome, Y chromosome deletions, other genetic problems, such as Down syndrome.

Blocked or damaged fallopian tubes prevent eggs from getting to the uterus and sperm from getting to the egg. Leading causes include pelvic inflammatory disease, sexually transmitted diseases such as chlamydia, and previous sterilization surgery.