Food which is very pungent in taste, for example garlic, does have the ability to cross through the amniotic fluid.

The extensive use of acetaminophen in pregnancy combined with the paucity of documented adverse effects have served to validate the selection of this medication as the pain reliever of choice during pregnancy.

It's widely known that folic acid (vitamin B9) reduces the risk of birth defects once you're pregnant, but some studies have also shown that women who take folic-acid supplements before becoming pregnant conceive at a higher rate.

The risk of high blood pressure during pregnancy is about double for women over 35 compared with younger ones; hypertension affects about 10 to 20 percent of pregnant women in this age group. Gestational diabetes is two to three times more common in women over age 35 than in younger women, and recent studies show the risk is even higher if the woman has gained weight over the years. Age 35 to 39 is also when women are most likely to have twins.

Causes of implantation failure include  genetic defects, thin endometrium, embryonic defects and endometriosis.

The main external structures of the female reproductive system include: labia, Bartholin’s glands, clitoris, vagina, uterus, ovaries and fallopian tubes.