A woman who was at a healthy weight before becoming pregnant will on average gain 25-35 pounds. This can be calculated of gaining 1-5 pounds during the first twelve weeks and a subsequent pound per week for the remainder of the pregnancy.

Normally women will discover that they do experience some discharge, or cervical mucus during a miscarriage. This discharge will either be clear, yellow or brown in colour, all of which are normal.

Mercury is a worrisome element when it comes to consuming fish and potential problems with pregnancy. However, a woman would need to consume an exorbitant amount of mercury for it to result in any damage to the foetus, which cannot be achieved through eating tuna fish alone. Though to be on the safer side, many women cut down on seafood for the duration of pregnancy because of the potential risks.

Treatments include surgery to correct or repair anatomic abnormalities or damage to reproductive organs, use of medical procedures to deliver sperm to the woman, fertilization of the egg in a laboratory, and using a third party for donating sperm or eggs and/or carrying a pregnancy.

Some men have an immune reaction to semen, which causes them to produce anti-sperm antibodies that damage their sperm.

Prolactin is a hormone that plays a role in fertility by inhibiting follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), the hormones that trigger ovulation and allow eggs to develop and mature.